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# First Article and Circuit Inspection
## 1. Function Overview
- First Article Inspection belongs to the quality control module of the MES system. It involves inspecting the first or several products/workpieces when equipment starts up or when a process begins, ensuring that equipment and process parameters meet standards before batch production, effectively preventing batch quality issues.
- Circuit Inspection belongs to the quality control module of the MES system. It involves inspecting the quality of products produced by equipment during operation, ensuring products meet standards and effectively preventing quality issues.
**Core Functions:**
- Inspection Category Management: Define and manage different inspection categories, such as first article inspection, circuit inspection, etc., for classifying and managing inspection records.
- Inspection Item Management: Define and manage specific indicator items that need to be inspected, such as appearance, dimensions, functionality, performance, etc.
- Inspection Entry: Inspect product indicators according to inspection standards and record inspection data.
- Inspection Reports: Generate inspection reports including inspection results, inspection standards, inspection time, etc.
**Function Screenshot**:
![First Inspection Function Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/首巡检功能截图.png)
## 2. Term Explanation
| Term | Definition | Description |
|------|------------|-------------|
| Inspection Category | Inspection Category, type of inspection | Such as first article inspection, circuit inspection, etc. |
| First Article Inspection | FAI, First Article Inspection | Inspect the first product produced to ensure equipment and process parameters meet standards |
| Circuit Inspection | CI, Circuit Inspection | Inspect product quality during equipment operation | Ensure products meet standards, effectively preventing quality issues |
| Process Unit | Working subclass, process being inspected | Process name, process unit |
| Inspection Item | Inspection Item, specific indicator item to be inspected | Such as appearance, dimensions, functionality, performance, etc. |
| Inspection Tool | Inspection Tool, tool used for inspection | Inspection tool |
| Judgment Category | Inspection Category, type of inspection | Such as numeric, limit, enum, etc. |
| Process Requirement | Process Requirements, process requirements for inspection | Process requirements |
| Judgment Standard | Inspection Standard, judgment standard for inspection items | Inspection Standard, judgment standard for inspection items |
| Unit | Unit, measurement unit | Material unit for inspection items |
| Inspection Quantity | Inspection Quantity, number of products to be inspected | Number of products to inspect |
| Inspection Result | Inspection Result, judgment result of inspection | Pass/Fail |
| Inspection Standard | Inspection Standard, judgment basis for inspection items | Including standard value, tolerance range, etc. |
| Production Batch | Production Batch | Production batch |
| Enum | Enum, enumeration value | Indicates only GOOD/NG judgment without process requirements or upper/lower limits, e.g., appearance inspection NG or GOOD |
| Numeric | Numeric, numerical value | Indicates process requirements with range requiring upper and lower limit configuration, e.g., greater than 200 and less than 300 |
| Limit | Limit, limit value | Indicates process requirements with single-sided range, e.g., cannot be less than 200 or cannot be greater than 200 |
## 3. First Inspection and Circuit Inspection Function Interaction
### 3.1 Add/Edit Inspection Category Management
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Category Management]
2. Click [Add Inspection Category] button
3. Fill in basic inspection category information
4. Click [OK] to complete inspection category creation
**Inspection Category Add/Edit Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Inspection Category Code | Unique identification code for the inspection category | Yes |
| Inspection Category Name | Inspection category name, e.g., "First Article Inspection" or "Circuit Inspection" | Yes |
| Creator | Creator name, system defaults to current logged-in user | No |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information | No |
**[Note]** Batch production can only proceed after first article inspection passes. Please ensure inspection data is accurate.
**[Important]** Once the inspection category code is bound to inspection items, it cannot be modified. Please confirm carefully when creating.
**[Important]** Once the inspection category code is bound to inspection items, it cannot be deleted.
**Function Screenshots**:
![First Inspection Category List Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：首巡检类别列表截图.png)
![Add Inspection Category Management Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：新增检验类别管理截图.png)
### 3.2 First Inspection and Circuit Inspection Item Configuration List
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Process Control] → [First Inspection Item Configuration]
2. Click [Add First Inspection Item] button
3. Select process unit
4. Select inspection category
5. Click [OK] to complete inspection item creation
**First Inspection Item List Add/Edit Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Process Unit | Process unit being inspected | Yes |
| Inspection Category | Inspection category | Yes |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information | No |
| Required | Whether the process unit needs to upload corresponding inspection parameters for batch closing | No |
**Function Screenshots**:
![First Inspection Item List Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：首巡检项目列表截图.png)
![Add First Inspection Item Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：新增首巡检项目截图.png)
**Configuration Item Function Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Process Control] → [First Inspection Item Configuration]
2. Click [Configure Items] button for the item to configure
3. Click [Add Item] button and fill in first inspection item information
4. Fill in item code, item name, process requirements
5. Select inspection type:
1. Enum: skip
2. Numeric: fill in upper and lower limits separately, e.g., 200, 300
3. Limit:
1. Select judgment standard, e.g., upper limit/lower limit;
2. Fill in value, e.g., 200
6. Fill in unit, inspection tool, inspection quantity
7. Click [Submit] to complete first inspection item editing
**First Inspection Item Configuration Function Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Item Code | Unique identification code of the item | Yes |
| Item Name | Name of the item | Yes |
| Process Requirement | Process requirements for inspection | Yes |
| Inspection Type | Type of inspection | Yes |
| Unit | Material unit for inspection item | Yes |
| Inspection Tool | Tool used for inspection | Yes |
| Inspection Quantity | Number of products to inspect | Yes |
| Inspection Result | Judgment result of inspection | Yes |
| Judgment Standard | Appears for enum or limit types. For enum, defaults to GOOD:NG; for numeric, need to select upper or lower limit | Yes |
| Upper Limit | Appears for numeric type, fill in upper limit value, e.g., 200 | Yes |
| Lower Limit | Appears for numeric type, fill in lower limit value, e.g., 100 | Yes |
| Value | Appears for limit type, fill in value, e.g., 200 | Yes |
**Function Screenshots**:
![First Inspection Item Configuration Details Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：首巡检项目配置详情截图.png)
![Add Item Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：新增项目截图.png)
![Select Inspection Type Enum Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：选择检查类型【枚举】截图.png)
![Select Inspection Type Numeric Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：选择检查类型【数值】截图.png)
![Select Inspection Type Limit Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：选择检查类型【极限】截图.png)
**[Note]** Different fields need to be filled according to different inspection types.
**[Important]** Once first inspection items are entered, they cannot be modified or deleted, including detail items.
### 3.3 First Inspection Entry
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Process Control] → [First Inspection Entry]
2. Click [First Inspection Entry] button
3. Select production batch, inspection category, process unit in sequence
4. Select first inspection items
5. Fill in first inspection content according to configuration
6. Select inspection result
7. Click [OK] to complete first inspection entry.
**First Inspection Entry Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Production Batch | Production batch of inspected material | Yes |
| Inspection Category | Inspection category, e.g., first inspection, circuit inspection | Yes |
| Process Unit | Process unit being inspected | Yes |
| First Inspection Item | First inspection items, item names | Yes |
| Inspection Result | Judgment result of inspection | Yes |
| Process Requirement | Process requirements set for first inspection items | - |
| Inspection Type | Type of inspection | - |
| Unit | Material unit for inspection item | - |
| Inspector | Inspector, current logged-in user name | - |
| Inspection Time | Inspection time, data entry time | - |
**Function Screenshots**:
![First Inspection Entry List Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：首巡检录入列表截图.png)
![First Inspection Entry with Enum Items Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：首巡检录入，检验项目为枚举截图.png)
![First Inspection Entry with Numeric Items Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：首巡检录入，检验项目为数值截图.png)
![First Inspection Entry with Limit Items Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：首巡检录入，检验项目为极限截图.png)
**Judgment Result Description:**
Inspection result is selected by user;
**[Important]** If first article inspection fails, batch production is prohibited. Must readjust and perform first article inspection again.
## 4. Query Operations
### 4.1 First Inspection Report Query
**Query Conditions:**
| Query Condition | Description |
|----------------|-------------|
| Process Unit | Filter by process unit |
| Inspection Type | Filter by inspection type |
**First Inspection Report List Description:**
| Field | Description |
|-------|-------------|
| Production Batch | Production batch of inspected material |
| Inspection Result | Judgment result of inspection |
| Item Code | Item code |
| Item Name | Item name |
| Inspection Category | Inspection category, e.g., first inspection, circuit inspection |
| Process Requirement | Process requirements set for first inspection items |
| Judgment Standard | Judgment standard for inspection items |
| Unit | Material unit for inspection item |
| Inspector | Inspector, current logged-in user name |
| Inspection Time | Inspection time, data entry time |
**Function Screenshot**:
![First Inspection Report Screenshot](/public/image_en/first_inspection/图片：首巡检报表截图.png)

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# Inspection Control
## 1. Function Overview
Inspection Control belongs to the quality management module of the MES system, used to manage quality inspection activities throughout the entire process from material receiving to finished product shipment. The system provides a complete functional chain including inspection standard definition, inspection plan configuration, sampling scheme maintenance, inspection order generation and execution, supporting multiple inspection scenarios such as IQC (Incoming Quality Control), IPQC (In-process Quality Control), FQC (Final Quality Control), and OQC (Outgoing Quality Control).
**Core Functions:**
- Inspection Item Management: Define and maintain specific indicator items that need to be inspected, such as appearance, dimensions, characteristics, etc.
- Inspection Standard Management: Maintain inspection standard codes, names, and AQL sampling letter mapping tables
- Inspection Plan Management: Configure inspection plan information such as suppliers and inspection categories for different materials
- Inspection Plan Items: Configure specific inspection items and sampling schemes for inspection plans
- Sampling Scheme: Define sampling methods and quantity interval rules for different inspection categories
- AQL Configuration: Configure Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL) standards, associate inspection standards and inspection levels
- Inspection Order Management: Create, manage, execute, and cancel inspection orders, track the full process status of inspections
- Inspection Order Details: Enter measured data, make pass/fail judgments, and confirm results for specific inspection orders
**Function Screenshot**:
![Inspection Control Function Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：检验控制功能截图.png)
## 2. Term Explanation
| Term | Definition | Description |
|------|------------|-------------|
| Inspection Control | Inspection Control, core quality management module | Covers end-to-end management of inspection items, standards, plans, sampling schemes, inspection orders, etc. |
| Inspection Item | Inspection Item, specific indicator item to be inspected | Such as appearance count, characteristic count, dimension measurement, characteristic measurement, etc. |
| Inspection Item Attribute | Inspection Item Attribute, classification attribute of inspection items | Four types: appearance count, characteristic count, dimension measurement, characteristic measurement |
| Inspection Standard | Inspection Standard, judgment basis for inspection items | Includes standard code, name, national standard status, and AQL sampling letter mapping |
| Inspection Plan | Inspection Plan, inspection scheme for materials | Defines inspection category, supplier, and other inspection plan information for materials |
| Inspection Plan Item | Inspection Plan Item, specific item in inspection plan | Associates inspection items, sampling schemes, inspection levels, etc. |
| Sampling Plan | Sampling Plan, sampling rules for quality inspection | Includes sampling method (fixed quantity/fixed ratio), inspection type, and quantity intervals |
| Sampling Method | Sampling Method | Fixed quantity sampling or fixed ratio sampling |
| Sampling Interval | Sampling Interval | Sampling quantity determined based on inspection quantity range |
| AQL | Acceptance Quality Limit | Allowable worst process average quality level during inspection |
| Inspection Mode | Inspection Mode, strictness level of inspection | Such as S1, S2, S3, S4, I, II, III, etc. |
| IQC | Incoming Quality Control | Quality inspection of purchased materials before storage |
| IPQC | In-process Quality Control | Quality inspection of semi-finished products during production |
| FQC | Final Quality Control | Quality inspection of finished products after production |
| OQC | Outgoing Quality Control | Quality inspection of products before shipment |
| Inspection Order | Inspection Order, execution document for quality inspection | Includes inspection order number, material batch, inspection quantity, inspection status, etc. |
| Inspection Order No | Inspection Order No | Format: QMS-YYYYMMDD-Sequence, e.g., QMS-20260101-01 |
| Small Sample Inspection | Small Sample Inspection | Quickly create inspection orders through small sample inspection |
| Exempt from Inspection | Exempt from Inspection | Materials marked as exempt from inspection |
| Inspection Result | Inspection Result | Pass or Fail |
| Modify Result | Modify Result | Manually modified inspection judgment result |
| Quality Handle Result | Quality Handle Result | Quality department's handling opinion on inspection results |
| Sampling Level | Sampling Level | Strictness level of inspection: normal, tightened, reduced |
| Measured Value | Measured Value | Actual measured value of inspection item |
| Defect Quantity | Defect Quantity | Number of defective products found during inspection |
| Single Item Pass Rate | Single Item Pass Rate | Pass rate of a single inspection item = pass count / total inspection count |
| Loss Quantity | Loss Quantity | Number of products lost during inspection |
## 3. Data Model Relationship Description
```mermaid
flowchart TB
subgraph Basic Configuration
IS[Inspection Standard]
II[Inspection Item]
SM[Sampling Scheme]
end
subgraph AQL Configuration
AC[AQL Configuration]
AS[AQL Sample Size]
end
subgraph Inspection Plan
IP[Inspection Plan]
IPI[Inspection Plan Item]
end
subgraph Inspection Execution
IOM[Inspection Order Management]
IOD[Inspection Order Details]
IODT[Inspection Order Detail Table]
end
IP -->|1:N| IPI
IPI -->|Reference| II
IPI -->|Reference| SM
AC -->|Reference| IS
AC -->|Reference| AS
IP -->|Generate| IOM
IOM -->|1:1| IOD
IOD -->|Contain| IODT
IODT -->|Reference| IPI
```
**Relationship Description:**
| Relationship Type | Description |
|------------------|-------------|
| Inspection Plan → Inspection Plan Item | **1 to N**: One inspection plan contains multiple inspection plan items |
| Inspection Plan Item → Inspection Item | **Reference**: Inspection plan items reference inspection item configurations |
| Inspection Plan Item → Sampling Scheme | **Reference**: Inspection plan items reference sampling schemes |
| AQL Configuration → Inspection Standard | **Reference**: AQL configuration associates inspection standards |
| AQL Configuration → AQL Sample Size | **Reference**: AQL configuration associates sample size rules |
| Inspection Plan → Inspection Order | **Generate**: Generate inspection orders for material batches based on inspection plans |
| Inspection Order → Inspection Order Details | **1 to 1**: One inspection order corresponds to one inspection detail page |
| Inspection Order Details → Inspection Order Detail Table | **Contain**: Inspection order details contain detail data for each inspection item |
## 4. Inspection Control Interaction Flow
### 4.1 Inspection Item Management
#### 4.1.1 Inspection Item Description
Inspection items are specific indicators that need to be inspected in quality management. The system classifies inspection items into four categories by attribute: appearance count, characteristic count, dimension measurement, and characteristic measurement. Each inspection item needs to define code, name, attribute, inspection standard, unit, inspection tool, inspection method, etc.
Inspection items are the basic data for inspection plan items and inspection order details. After being referenced by inspection plan items, corresponding inspection item information is displayed during inspection execution.
**Function Screenshot**:
![Inspection Item List Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：检验项目列表截图.png)
#### 4.1.2 Add Inspection Item
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Inspection Item]
2. Click [Add] button
3. Fill in basic inspection item information
4. Click [Save] to complete inspection item creation
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Inspection Item Code | Unique identification code of inspection item | Yes |
| Inspection Item Name | Name of inspection item | Yes |
| Inspection Item Attribute | Classification attribute of inspection item: appearance count, characteristic count, dimension measurement, characteristic measurement | Yes |
| Inspection Category | Inspection category, such as IQC, FQC, OQC, etc. | Yes |
| Inspection Standard | Associated inspection standard for AQL sampling judgment | Yes |
| Unit | Measurement unit of inspection item, such as mm, mΩ, %, ℃, etc. | Yes |
| Inspection Tool | Tool or equipment used for inspection | No |
| Inspection Method | Specific method description for inspection | No |
| Process Requirement | Process standard requirements for inspection | No |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information | No |
**[Important]** Once an inspection item is referenced by an inspection plan item, it cannot be deleted.
**[Note]** The inspection item code cannot be modified after creation. Please confirm carefully when creating.
**Function Screenshots**:
![Add Inspection Item Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：新增检验项目截图1.png)
![Add Inspection Item Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：新增检验项目截图2.png)
### 4.2 Inspection Standard Management
#### 4.2.1 Inspection Standard Description
Inspection standards are the judgment basis for quality inspection, defining the mapping relationship between AQL sampling letters and batch ranges. Each inspection standard contains a sampling mapping table (Mapping), which defines the AQL sampling letters (S1, S2, S3, S4, I, II, III) corresponding to different batch ranges, used to find the corresponding sample quantity in the AQL sample size table.
**Function Screenshot**:
![Inspection Standard List Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：检验标准列表截图.png)
#### 4.2.2 Add Inspection Standard
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Inspection Standard]
2. Click [Add] button
3. Fill in inspection standard code and name
4. Select whether it is a national standard
5. Click [Save] to complete inspection standard creation
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Inspection Standard Code | Unique identification code of inspection standard | Yes |
| Inspection Standard Name | Name of inspection standard | Yes |
| Is National Standard | Whether it is a national standard, such as GB/T 2828.1 | Yes |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information | No |
**[Important]** Once an inspection standard is referenced by AQL configuration, it cannot be deleted.
**Function Screenshots**:
![Add Inspection Standard Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：新增检验标准截图1.png)
![Add Inspection Standard Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：新增检验标准截图2.png)
#### 4.2.3 View Inspection Standard Mapping Table
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Inspection Standard]
2. Click [View] button for the inspection standard to view
3. Inspection standard mapping table page pops up
**Mapping Table Description:**
The mapping table shows the AQL sampling letters (i.e., sample size codes) corresponding to different batch ranges. This mapping table follows GB/T 2828.1 standard and automatically matches the corresponding sampling letter based on the batch range.
| Mapping Table Field | Description |
|---------------------|-------------|
| Batch Range Start | Lower limit of inspection batch |
| Batch Range End | Upper limit of inspection batch |
| S1 ~ S4 | Sample size codes for special inspection levels |
| I ~ III | Sample size codes for general inspection levels |
**Function Screenshots**:
![Inspection Standard Mapping Table Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：检验标准映射表截图1.png)
![Inspection Standard Mapping Table Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：检验标准映射表截图2.png)
### 4.3 Inspection Plan Management
#### 4.3.1 Inspection Plan Description
Inspection plan is the inspection scheme configured for each material, defining basic inspection information for materials, including inspection category, supplier, etc. Inspection plan is the bridge connecting materials and inspection execution. When applying for inspection, the system automatically matches corresponding inspection items and sampling rules based on the inspection plan.
**Function Screenshot**:
![Inspection Scheme Maintenance Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：检验方案维护截图.png)
#### 4.3.2 Add Inspection Plan
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Inspection Plan]
2. Click [Add] button
3. Select material code (system automatically brings out material name and unit)
4. Select supplier
5. Select material inspection category (IQC/FQC/OQC, etc.)
6. Click [Save] to complete inspection plan creation
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Material Code | Select material to inspect | Yes |
| Material Name | Automatically brought out by selected material | Auto |
| Unit | Automatically brought out by selected material | Auto |
| Supplier | Material supplier | Yes |
| Material Inspection Category | Inspection category, such as IQC, FQC, OQC, in-stock inspection, line-side inspection, etc. | Yes |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information | No |
**[Important]** Once an inspection plan is referenced by an inspection order, it cannot be deleted.
**[Note]** Inspection plan items (inspection items) need to be configured before inspection can be executed normally.
**Function Screenshots**:
![Add Inspection Scheme Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：新增检验方案截图1.png)
![Add Inspection Scheme Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：新增检验方案截图2.png)
#### 4.3.3 View Inspection Scheme
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Inspection Plan]
2. Click [View Scheme] button for the corresponding row
3. Enter inspection plan items page to view inspection item configuration under this plan
### 4.4 Inspection Plan Item Management
#### 4.4.1 Inspection Plan Item Description
Inspection plan items are specific inspection entries of inspection plans, defining which items need to be inspected under this plan, what sampling scheme to use, what inspection level to adopt, etc. Each inspection plan can configure multiple inspection plan items, and each inspection plan item corresponds to one inspection item.
**Function Screenshot**:
![Inspection Scheme Maintenance Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：检验方案维护截图.png)
#### 4.4.2 Add Inspection Plan Item
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Inspection Plan]
2. Click [View Scheme] button for the corresponding row to enter inspection plan items page
3. Click [Add] button
4. Select inspection item
5. Select sampling scheme
6. Select inspection level (normal/tightened/reduced)
7. Fill in parameters such as AC (acceptance number) and RE (rejection number)
8. Click [Save] to complete inspection plan item creation
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Inspection Item | Select from inspection item library, system automatically brings out item code, name and standard | Yes |
| Sampling Scheme | Select from sampling scheme library, system automatically matches sampling quantity based on inspection quantity | Yes |
| Inspection Level | Strictness level of inspection: normal/tightened/reduced | Yes |
| AC (Acceptance Number) | Accept, maximum number of non-conforming units allowed | Yes |
| RE (Rejection Number) | Reject, minimum number of non-conforming units at which judgment is non-conforming | Yes |
| Lower Limit | Lower specification limit of inspection item (for measurement-type items) | Conditional |
| Standard Value | Standard specification value of inspection item | Conditional |
| Upper Limit | Upper specification limit of inspection item (for measurement-type items) | Conditional |
| Planned Sampling Quantity | Automatically calculated based on sampling scheme and inspection quantity | Auto |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information | No |
**[Important]** After inspection plan items are configured, corresponding inspection details will be generated according to this configuration during inspection order execution.
**Function Screenshots**:
![View Inspection Scheme Item Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：查看检验方案项截图1.png)
![View Inspection Scheme Item Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：查看检验方案项截图2.png)
### 4.5 Sampling Scheme Management
#### 4.5.1 Sampling Scheme Description
Sampling scheme defines sampling methods and corresponding quantity interval rules for different inspection types. Each sampling scheme includes scheme code, scheme name, sampling method (fixed quantity or fixed ratio), inspection type (IQC/FQC/OQC), and sampling interval details.
Sampling interval details are a key configuration that defines rules for matching corresponding sampling quantities based on inspection quantity ranges. For example: 2~8 inspection quantity samples 2 items, 9~15 samples 3 items, etc.
**Function Screenshot**:
![Sampling Scheme List Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：抽样方案列表截图.png)
#### 4.5.2 Add Sampling Scheme
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Sampling Scheme]
2. Click [Add] button
3. Fill in scheme code and scheme name
4. Select sampling method (fixed quantity or fixed ratio)
5. Select inspection type (IQC/FQC/OQC)
6. Click [Edit] button (edit icon) for the corresponding row to pop up sampling interval configuration dialog
7. Configure sampling interval details: set quantity upper and lower limits and sample quantity
8. Click [Save] in the dialog to complete interval configuration
9. Check the row and click [Save] to save the scheme to the database
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Scheme Code | Unique identification code of sampling scheme | Yes |
| Scheme Name | Name of sampling scheme | Yes |
| Sampling Method | Fixed quantity or fixed ratio | Yes |
| Inspection Type | Inspection category, such as IQC, FQC, OQC | Yes |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information | No |
**Sampling Interval Detail Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Lower Limit | Lower limit of inspection quantity interval | Yes |
| Upper Limit | Upper limit of inspection quantity interval | Yes |
| Normal Sample Quantity | Sampling quantity under normal inspection level | Yes |
| Tightened Sample Quantity | Sampling quantity under tightened inspection level | No |
| Reduced Sample Quantity | Sampling quantity under reduced inspection level | No |
**[Important]** Once a sampling scheme is referenced by an inspection plan item, it cannot be deleted.
**Function Screenshots**:
![Sampling Interval Configuration Dialog Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：抽样区间配置弹窗截图1.png)
![Sampling Interval Configuration Dialog Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：抽样区间配置弹窗截图2.png)
### 4.6 AQL Configuration Management
#### 4.6.1 AQL Configuration Description
AQL (Acceptance Quality Limit) configuration defines the acceptable quality level for quality inspection. AQL configuration associates inspection standards and inspection levels, used to determine sampling quantity and acceptance/rejection criteria during inspection based on batch range and AQL value.
**Function Screenshot**:
![AQL Configuration List Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：AQL配置列表截图.png)
#### 4.6.2 Add AQL Configuration
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [AQL Configuration]
2. Click [Add] button
3. Fill in acceptance quality limit code and name
4. Select status (enabled/disabled)
5. Select inspection level
6. Select inspection standard
7. Click [Save] to complete AQL configuration creation
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Acceptance Quality Limit Code | Unique identification code of AQL configuration | Yes |
| Acceptance Quality Limit Name | Name of AQL configuration | Yes |
| Status | Enabled or disabled | Yes |
| Inspection Level | Inspection level | Yes |
| Inspection Standard | Associated inspection standard (includes AQL sampling letter mapping table) | Yes |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information | No |
**Function Screenshots**:
![Add AQL Configuration Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：新增AQL配置截图1.png)
![Add AQL Configuration Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：新增AQL配置截图2.png)
#### 4.6.3 View AQL Sample Size
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [AQL Configuration]
2. Click [Edit] or [View] button for the corresponding row
3. Enter AQL sample size page to view the AQL sample size rule table under this configuration
The AQL sample size rule table defines the sample quantities and acceptance/rejection criteria corresponding to different AQL sampling letters (found from inspection standard mapping table based on batch range) crossed with different AQL values.
**[Important]** Once an AQL configuration is referenced by an inspection plan item, it cannot be deleted.
**Function Screenshots**:
![AQL Sample Size View Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：AQL样本量查看截图1.png)
![AQL Sample Size View Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：AQL样本量查看截图2.png)
![AQL Sample Size View Screenshot 3](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：AQL样本量查看截图3.png)
### 4.7 Inspection Order Management
#### 4.7.1 Inspection Order Description
Inspection order is the execution document for quality inspection. When materials need inspection, create inspection orders through small sample inspection function, and the system automatically generates inspection order numbers (format: QMS-YYYYMMDD-Sequence, e.g., QMS-20260101-01). Inspection orders record complete information such as material batch, inspection quantity, inspector, inspection result, etc.
Inspection order status is divided into four types:
- **PENDING**: Inspection order created, waiting for inspector to execute inspection
- **UNCONFIRMED**: Inspection completed, waiting for result confirmation
- **CONFIRMED**: Inspection result confirmed
- **CLOSED**: Inspection order closed
**Function Screenshot**:
![Inspection Order List Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：检验单列表截图.png)
#### 4.7.2 Add Inspection Order (Small Sample Inspection)
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Inspection Order Management]
2. Click [Add Small Sample Inspection] button
3. Fill in inspection information in the pop-up dialog
4. Select material code
5. Fill in material batch and inspection quantity
6. Select whether it is IQC small sample
7. Select whether it is exempt from inspection
8. Click [OK] to complete inspection order creation
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Inspection Order Number | Automatically generated by system, format QMS-YYYYMMDD-Sequence | Auto |
| Material Code | Select from inspection plan, system automatically brings out material name and inspection category | Yes |
| Material Batch | Batch number of material being inspected | Yes |
| Inspection Quantity | Number of products to inspect | Yes |
| Applicant | Current logged-in user, system defaults | Auto |
| Is IQC Small Sample | Whether it is incoming small sample inspection | No |
| Is Exempt from Inspection | Whether the material is exempt from inspection | No |
**[Note]** Material code must exist in inspection plan, otherwise inspection order cannot be created.
**Function Screenshot**:
![Add Small Sample Inspection Dialog Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：新增小样检验弹窗截图.png)
#### 4.7.3 Execute Inspection
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Inspection Order Management]
2. Find inspection orders with status "PENDING" or "UNCONFIRMED"
3. Click [Inspect] button for the corresponding row
4. Enter inspection order details page to input inspection data and make pass/fail judgment
**Function Screenshots**:
![Execute Inspection Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：执行检验截图1.png)
![Execute Inspection Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：执行检验截图2.png)
#### 4.7.4 Modify Inspection Order
Only inspection orders with "PENDING" status can be modified. When modifying, the small sample inspection dialog pops up, and material code, material batch, inspection quantity, etc. can be modified.
#### 4.7.5 Cancel Inspection Order
Only inspection orders with "PENDING" status can be canceled.
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [Inspection Control] → [Inspection Order Management]
2. Find inspection orders with status "PENDING"
3. Click [Cancel] button for the corresponding row
4. Confirm cancellation
**[Important]** Cancellation cannot be undone. Please proceed with caution.
#### 4.7.6 Inspection Order Query
**Query Conditions:**
| Query Condition | Description |
|----------------|-------------|
| Inspection Order Number | Exact query by inspection order number |
| Material Batch | Fuzzy query by material batch |
| Customer/Supplier | Query by customer or supplier name |
| Material Inspection Category | Filter by inspection category, such as IQC, IQC_SPECIAL, IPQC, OQC |
| Inspection Order Status | Filter by status: pending, unconfirmed, confirmed, closed |
| Inspector | Query by inspector name |
| Sample Expiry Date (Start) | Filter by sample inspection expiry date start |
| Sample Expiry Date (End) | Filter by sample inspection expiry date end |
| Modifier | Query by modifier name |
| Modification Date (Start) | Filter by modification date start |
| Modification Date (End) | Filter by modification date end |
**Inspection Order List Field Description:**
| Field | Description |
|-------|-------------|
| Inspection Order Number | Unique number of inspection order, format QMS-YYYYMMDD-Sequence |
| Material Batch | Batch number of material being inspected |
| Supplier Batch | Supplier's batch number |
| Material Code | Material code |
| Material Name | Material name |
| Customer/Supplier | Associated supplier name |
| Material Inspection Category | Inspection category, such as IQC, FQC, OQC, etc. |
| IQC Small Sample | Whether it is IQC small sample inspection |
| Is Exempt from Inspection | Whether the material is exempt from inspection |
| Inspection Quantity | Number of products being inspected |
| Inspection Unit | Measurement unit for inspection |
| Application Date | Inspection application date |
| Applicant | Inspection applicant name |
| Inspection Order Status | Pending/Unconfirmed/Confirmed/Closed |
| Inspection Date | Inspection execution date |
| Inspector | Inspector name |
| Inspection Result | Inspection judgment result |
| Sample Inspection Expiry Date | Expiry date for sample inspection |
| Loss Quantity | Number of products lost during inspection |
| Modified Result | Manually modified inspection result |
| Quality Handle Result | Quality department's handling opinion |
| Modifier | Last modifier name |
| Modification Time | Last modification datetime |
| Merged Inspection Order | Associated inspection order number when merging batch inspections |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information |
| Inspection Validity | Expiry date for inspection result |
### 4.8 Inspection Order Details (Inspection Execution)
#### 4.8.1 Inspection Order Details Description
The inspection order details page is the core working interface for inspectors to execute inspections. The top of the page displays basic information of the inspection order (material batch, material name, customer/supplier, inspection quantity), the middle provides inspection result judgment buttons (Pass/Fail/Auto Judgment), and the bottom organizes and displays inspection item details of different attributes in four tabs.
The four tabs are:
- **Appearance Count**: Appearance inspection items, inspected by counting method
- **Characteristic Count**: Characteristic inspection items, inspected by counting method
- **Dimension Measurement**: Dimension inspection items, enter measured values for judgment
- **Characteristic Measurement**: Characteristic inspection items, enter measured values for judgment
**Function Screenshot**:
![Inspection Order Details Page Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：检验单详情页截图.png)
#### 4.8.2 Inspection Information Entry
**Header Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Material Batch | Batch number of material being inspected (read-only) | - |
| Material Name | Material name (read-only) | - |
| Customer/Supplier | Supplier name (read-only) | - |
| Inspection Quantity | Inspection quantity (read-only) | - |
| Inspector | Inspector, select from dropdown list | Yes |
| Loss Quantity | Number of products lost during inspection | Yes |
| Inspection Result | Final judgment result of inspection (read-only, set by auto judgment or pass/fail buttons) | - |
| Modified Result | Manually modified judgment result, optional pass/fail | No |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information | No |
#### 4.8.3 Counting Inspection (Appearance Count/Characteristic Count)
Table column description for counting inspection tabs:
| Column Name | Description |
|-------------|-------------|
| Inspection Item Name | Name of inspection item |
| Inspection Standard | Standard for inspection item |
| Planned Sampling Quantity | Planned sampling quantity calculated based on sampling scheme |
| Actual Sampling Quantity | Actual number of products inspected |
| Standard Value | Standard specification value for inspection |
| Defect Quantity | Number of non-conforming products found during inspection |
| Single Item Pass Rate | Pass rate of single inspection item = (actual sampling quantity - defect quantity) / actual sampling quantity × 100% |
| Single Item Result | Judgment result of single inspection item (pass/fail) |
| Unit | Measurement unit of inspection item |
| Measured Details | Click to view measured data details for this inspection item |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information |
#### 4.8.4 Measurement Inspection (Dimension Measurement/Characteristic Measurement)
Table column description for measurement inspection tabs:
| Column Name | Description |
|-------------|-------------|
| Inspection Item Name | Name of inspection item |
| Inspection Standard | Standard for inspection item |
| Planned Sampling Quantity | Planned sampling quantity calculated based on sampling scheme |
| Actual Sampling Quantity | Actual number of products measured |
| Lower Limit | Lower specification limit of inspection item |
| Standard Value | Standard specification value of inspection item |
| Upper Limit | Upper specification limit of inspection item |
| Measured Value | Click to view measured data detail list |
| Defect Quantity | Number of non-conforming products found during inspection |
| Single Item Pass Rate | Pass rate of single inspection item = (actual sampling quantity - defect quantity) / actual sampling quantity × 100% |
| Single Item Result | Judgment result of single inspection item (pass/fail) |
| Unit | Measurement unit of inspection item |
| Measured Details | Click to enter measured data for this inspection item |
| Remarks | Other supplementary information |
**Measured Details Dialog Description:**
Click [Measured Details] button to pop up measured data entry dialog. In the dialog, enter measured values for each inspection object one by one and judge pass/fail for each.
| Field | Description |
|-------|-------------|
| Inspection Object Code | Barcode or identification code of inspected product |
| Measured Value | Actual measured value |
| Is Pass | Judge whether this record passes |
**Function Screenshot**:
![Measured Details Dialog Screenshot](/public/image_en/quality_control/inspection_management/图片：实测明细弹窗截图.png)
#### 4.8.5 Inspection Result Judgment
**Operation Steps:**
1. Enter inspection order details page
2. Complete measured data entry for each inspection item
3. Use one of the following three methods for result judgment:
**Method 1: Pass Judgment**
- Click [Pass] button
- System automatically sets modified result to "Pass"
**Method 2: Fail Judgment**
- Click [Fail] button
- System automatically sets modified result to "Fail"
**Method 3: Auto Judgment**
- Click [Auto Judgment] button
- System first checks whether actual sampling quantity of each inspection item meets planned sampling quantity requirement
- If not met, system prompts "Some inspection items have not reached the specified sampling quantity"
- If sampling quantity of all inspection items meets requirements, system automatically summarizes defect quantities
- No defects: judge as "Pass"
- Has defects: judge as "Fail"
- System automatically saves inspection result
**[Important]** Before auto judgment, ensure actual sampling quantity of all inspection items has reached planned sampling quantity, otherwise auto judgment cannot be performed.
**[Note]** Once inspection result is saved, it will affect subsequent processes such as material storage/shipment.
## 5. Query Operations
### 5.1 Inspection Item Query
**Query Conditions:**
| Query Condition | Description |
|----------------|-------------|
| Inspection Item Code | Exact query by code |
| Inspection Item Name | Fuzzy query by name |
| Inspection Item Attribute | Filter by attribute: appearance count/characteristic count/dimension measurement/characteristic measurement |
| Inspection Category | Filter by inspection category |
### 5.2 Inspection Standard Query
**Query Conditions:**
| Query Condition | Description |
|----------------|-------------|
| Inspection Standard Code | Exact query by code |
| Inspection Standard Name | Fuzzy query by name |
### 5.3 Inspection Plan Query
**Query Conditions:**
| Query Condition | Description |
|----------------|-------------|
| Material Code/Name | Query by material information |
| Inspection Category | Filter by inspection category |
### 5.4 Sampling Scheme Query
**Query Conditions:**
| Query Condition | Description |
|----------------|-------------|
| Scheme Code | Exact query by scheme code |
| Scheme Name | Fuzzy query by scheme name |
### 5.5 AQL Configuration Query
**Query Conditions:**
| Query Condition | Description |
|----------------|-------------|
| Acceptance Quality Limit Code | Exact query by code |
| Acceptance Quality Limit Name | Fuzzy query by name |
## 6. Operation Notes
1. **Data Reference Relationship**: Inspection Standard → AQL Configuration → Inspection Plan Item → Inspection Order. Upper-level data cannot be deleted once referenced by lower-level data. Please confirm carefully when creating.
2. **Inspection Order Number Rule**: Inspection order number format is QMS-YYYYMMDD-NN, automatically generated by system and incremented daily.
3. **Sampling Quantity Calculation**: Planned sampling quantity is automatically calculated based on inspection quantity of inspection order and sampling scheme associated in inspection plan item, matching corresponding sample quantity with reference to inspection level (normal/tightened/reduced).
4. **Auto Judgment Condition**: Auto judgment requires actual sampling quantity of all inspection items to reach planned sampling quantity, otherwise user will be prompted.
5. **Exempt from Inspection Materials**: Materials marked as exempt from inspection will skip the inspection process and be directly regarded as pass.
6. **Inspection Result Impact**: Inspection results directly affect subsequent flow of material batches (storage/return/production, etc.). Please ensure inspection data accuracy.

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# SPC Render Condition Configuration
## 1. Function Overview
SPC (Statistical Process Control) render condition configuration belongs to the quality management module of the MES system. It is used to configure data sources, subgroup sampling parameters, and control limits for SPC reports (both variable and attribute charts). Based on the configured SPC render conditions, the system automatically extracts samples from production process data and generates various SPC control charts to help quality managers monitor process stability in real-time.
**Core Functions:**
- Data Source Configuration: Select data category (process inspection data, process data, result data) and associate SCADA point binding configuration
- Subgroup Sampling Parameters: Configure total subgroups, samples per subgroup, subgroup interval, data cleaning rules
- Control Limits Configuration: Set specification limits (USL/LSL), control limits calculation method, control chart type
- Data Cleaning Rules: Configure outlier filtering rules (by value or by percentage)
**Function Screenshot**:
![SPC Render Condition Configuration Function Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc/图片：SPC渲染条件配置功能截图.png)
## 2. Term Explanation
| Term | Definition | Description |
|------|------------|-------------|
| SPC | Statistical Process Control | A quality management method using statistical techniques to monitor and control process variation |
| Control Chart | Control Chart | A statistical chart with control limits used to distinguish between normal and abnormal process variations |
| Subgroup | Subgroup | A group of sample measurements collected under similar conditions, used to calculate within-group statistics |
| UCL | Upper Control Limit | Upper limit in control chart, calculated from process data statistics |
| LCL | Lower Control Limit | Lower limit in control chart, calculated from process data statistics |
| USL | Upper Specification Limit | Maximum allowable value for product quality characteristic, defined by product specification or customer requirements |
| LSL | Lower Specification Limit | Minimum allowable value for product quality characteristic, defined by product specification or customer requirements |
| XBar | Mean | Arithmetic mean of all sample measurements within a subgroup, reflecting process central tendency |
| R (Range) | Range | Difference between maximum and minimum values within a subgroup, reflecting within-group dispersion |
| S (Standard Deviation) | Standard Deviation | Standard deviation of sample measurements within a subgroup, reflecting within-group dispersion |
| MR (Moving Range) | Moving Range | Absolute difference between two consecutive individual measurements |
| CPK | Process Capability Index | Measures actual process capability under controlled conditions, considering mean shift |
| CP | Process Capability | Measures potential process capability (without considering mean shift) |
| Process Inspection Data | Process Inspection Data | Inspection data collected during first article and circuit inspections on the production line |
| Process Data | Process Data | Production process parameters automatically uploaded by equipment |
| Result Data | Result Data | Inspection result data after process completion |
| SCADA Point Binding | SCADA Point Binding | Binding relationship between data nodes and SCADA collection points |
| Data Cleaning | Data Cleaning | Filtering and removing outlier data that does not conform to normal distribution |
| Sampling Interval | Sampling Interval | Time interval between consecutive subgroups (in hours) |
## 3. SPC Render Condition Configuration Interaction
### 3.1 Add SPC Render Condition
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [SPC Statistical Process Control] → [SPC Render Condition Configuration]
2. Click [Add] button
3. Fill in basic configuration information
4. Click [Save] to complete SPC render condition creation
**Basic Configuration Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Process Unit | Select the production process unit to be monitored | Yes |
| Process Unit Name | Automatically displayed based on selected process unit | Auto |
| Item Code | Unique identifier for SPC monitoring item | Yes |
| Item Name | Name of SPC monitoring item | Yes |
| Status | Enabled/disabled status of the configuration | Yes |
| Data Category | Type of data source: Process Inspection Data, Process Data, Result Data | Yes |
**[Note]** The process unit must be configured in the system before creating SPC render conditions.
**Function Screenshots**:
![Add SPC Render Condition Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/spc/图片：新增SPC渲染条件截图1.png)
![Add SPC Render Condition Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/spc/图片：新增SPC渲染条件截图2.png)
### 3.2 Data Source Configuration
Data source configuration defines where the SPC report obtains data from. According to the selected data category, the system provides different configuration options.
**Data Category Description:**
| Data Category | Description | Example |
|---------------|-------------|---------|
| Process Inspection Data | Inspection data collected during first article and circuit inspections | Voltage and dimension values measured by inspectors |
| Process Data | Real-time production parameters automatically uploaded by equipment | Temperature, pressure, speed collected by equipment |
| Result Data | Test result data after process completion | OCV test voltage, internal resistance, capacity values |
**Data Source Configuration Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Data Category | Select data source type | Yes |
| SCADA Point Binding | Select bound SCADA data point (only for Process Data category) | Conditional |
| Data Type Mapping | Map collected data type to SPC analysis data type | Yes |
**Function Screenshots**:
![Data Source Configuration Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc/图片：数据源配置截图.png)
### 3.3 Subgroup Sampling Parameters Configuration
Subgroup sampling parameters define how the system collects and groups data for SPC analysis.
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Total Subgroups | Total number of subgroups to collect in a single SPC analysis | Yes |
| Samples Per Subgroup | Number of sample measurements in each subgroup | Yes |
| Subgroup Interval | Time interval between consecutive subgroups (in hours) | Yes |
| Sampling Method | Sampling method: Continuous sampling | Yes |
**[Important]** The product of total subgroups and subgroup interval determines the total time range for SPC analysis data collection.
**Function Screenshot**:
![Subgroup Sampling Parameters Configuration Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc/图片：子组抽样参数配置截图.png)
### 3.4 Control Limits Configuration
Control limits configuration defines the specification limits and control limit calculation method for SPC control charts.
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| USL (Upper Specification Limit) | Upper specification limit defined by product specification | Conditional |
| LSL (Lower Specification Limit) | Lower specification limit defined by product specification | Conditional |
| Target Value | Target value for process quality characteristic | No |
| Control Limit Calculation | Method for calculating control limits: 3σ method, etc. | Yes |
| Control Chart Type | Type of control chart to generate: XBar-R, XBar-S, I-MR, etc. | Yes |
**[Note]** If USL/LSL are not configured, CPK-related indicators cannot be calculated in CPK analysis.
**Function Screenshots**:
![Control Limits Configuration Screenshot 1](/public/image_en/spc/图片：控制限配置截图1.png)
![Control Limits Configuration Screenshot 2](/public/image_en/spc/图片：控制限配置截图2.png)
### 3.5 Data Cleaning Rules Configuration
Data cleaning rules are used to filter outlier data that may affect SPC analysis results.
**Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Enable Data Cleaning | Whether to enable data cleaning function | Yes |
| Cleaning Method | By value or by percentage | Yes |
| Upper Bound | Upper limit for filtering (absolute value or percentage) | Conditional |
| Lower Bound | Lower limit for filtering (absolute value or percentage) | Conditional |
**[Important]** Data cleaning only affects SPC report calculation results and does not modify original data in the MES system.
**Function Screenshot**:
![Data Cleaning Rules Configuration Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc/图片：数据清洗规则配置截图.png)
## 4. SPC Render Condition Query
**Query Conditions:**
| Query Condition | Description |
|----------------|-------------|
| Process Unit | Filter by process unit |
| Item Code | Exact query by item code |
| Item Name | Fuzzy query by item name |
| Status | Filter by enabled/disabled status |
**SPC Render Condition List Field Description:**
| Field | Description |
|-------|-------------|
| Process Unit | Production process unit being monitored |
| Process Unit Name | Name of process unit |
| Item Code | Unique identifier for SPC monitoring item |
| Item Name | Name of SPC monitoring item |
| Data Category | Type of data source |
| Status | Enabled/disabled status |
| USL | Upper specification limit |
| LSL | Lower specification limit |
| Total Subgroups | Total number of subgroups |
| Samples Per Subgroup | Number of samples per subgroup |
| Subgroup Interval | Time interval between subgroups (hours) |
| Control Chart Type | Type of control chart |
**Function Screenshot**:
![SPC Render Condition List Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc/图片：SPC渲染条件列表截图.png)
## 5. Operation Notes
1. **Data Source Dependence**: Before configuring SPC render conditions, ensure that the corresponding data category and SCADA point binding have been configured in the system.
2. **USL/LSL Configuration**: To calculate CPK indicators in CPK analysis, USL and LSL must be configured.
3. **Subgroup Configuration**: The product of total subgroups and subgroup interval determines the data collection time range. Please configure according to actual production needs.
4. **Data Cleaning**: Data cleaning only affects SPC report calculation results and does not modify original data.
5. **Status Control**: Disabled SPC render conditions will not be available for selection in SPC reports.

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# SPC Attribute Charts
## 1. Function Overview
SPC Attribute Charts belong to the quality management module of the MES system. They are used to perform statistical process control analysis on **discrete quality data** (such as number of defective products, number of defects) in production processes. Unlike variable charts, attribute charts focus on countable quality characteristics such as whether a product is qualified or the number of defects. By generating SPC control charts including DPMO, P Chart, NP Chart, C Chart, and U Chart, they help quality managers monitor trends in non-conforming product rates and defect rates during production processes and detect quality abnormalities in a timely manner.
**Core Functions:**
- Query quality data by process unit, SPC item, time range, and batch number
- Automatically extract defect types from process data and perform subgroup grouping statistics
- Generate five types of attribute SPC control charts: DPMO, PChart, NPChart, CChart, UChart
- Support interactive functions such as automatic control limit calculation, abnormal point highlighting, and chart scrolling
**Function Screenshot**:
![SPC Attribute Charts Function Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_attribute_charts/图片：SPC计数型报表功能截图.png)
## 2. Term Explanation
| Term | Definition | Description |
|------|------------|-------------|
| SPC Attribute Charts | SPC Attribute Charts | Statistical process control reports for countable quality characteristics (e.g., number of defective products, number of defects) |
| DPMO | Defects Per Million Opportunities | Measures the number of defects occurring in every million error opportunities, a comprehensive indicator for evaluating process quality level |
| PChart | P Chart, Proportion Nonconforming Control Chart | Monitors the proportion of nonconforming items in each subgroup as a percentage of total inspected quantity, subgroup sizes can vary |
| NPChart | NP Chart, Number Nonconforming Control Chart | Monitors the absolute number of nonconforming items in each subgroup, requires equal subgroup sizes |
| CChart | C Chart, Number of Defects Control Chart | Monitors the total number of defects in each subgroup, suitable for scenarios with constant defect opportunities |
| UChart | U Chart, Defects per Unit Control Chart | Monitors the average number of defects per unit product, suitable for scenarios with non-constant defect opportunities |
| Subgroup | Subgroup | A group of sample data collected under similar time conditions in SPC analysis |
| Defect Types | Defect Types | Classification of different defects occurring in the process, such as scratches, deformation, bubbles, etc., each corresponding to a specific NG code |
| Process Unit | Working Subclass | Standardized operation unit in production process, the minimum granularity for SPC monitoring |
| SPC Render Configuration | SPC Render Configuration | Configuration items defining data sources, subgroup sampling parameters, and control limits for SPC reports |
**Comparison of Five Attribute Control Charts:**
| Control Chart | Data Type | Application Scenario | Subgroup Size Requirement |
|---------------|-----------|---------------------|--------------------------|
| DPMO | Defect count/Opportunity count | Measure overall quality level, can be used for quality comparison between different products/processes | Requires defined error opportunities |
| PChart | Nonconforming rate (decimal/percentage) | Monitor nonconforming product proportion in production process | Subgroup sizes can vary |
| NPChart | Number of nonconforming items (integer) | Monitor absolute number of nonconforming items in each subgroup | Subgroup sizes must be equal |
| CChart | Number of defects (integer) | Monitor total defects in fixed area | Defect opportunities must be constant |
| UChart | Defects per unit (decimal) | Monitor average defects per unit product | Subgroup sizes can vary |
## 3. SPC Attribute Charts Interaction Flow
### 3.1 General Query Condition Description
All five attribute control charts share the same query condition interface. After users filter data using the following conditions, the system automatically generates charts according to the corresponding control chart type.
**Operation Path:**
Go to [Quality Management] → [SPC Statistical Process Control] → [SPC Attribute Charts], select the corresponding control chart type.
**Query Condition Field Description:**
| Field | Description | Required |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| Process Unit | Select the production process unit to view, dropdown list comes from all processes configured in the system | Yes |
| Item | Select the specific SPC monitoring item (data node), options are filtered based on process unit | Yes |
| Time Range | Start and end time for querying data, default is the previous 24 hours from current time | Yes |
| Batch Number | Filter data by production batch, query all batches if not filled | No |
**Function Screenshot**:
![SPC Attribute Charts Query Conditions Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_attribute_charts/图片：SPC计数型报表查询条件截图.png)
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [SPC Statistical Process Control] → [SPC Attribute Charts], select the desired control chart type (DPMO / PChart / NPChart / CChart / UChart) in the left navigation
2. Select the process to monitor in the [Process Unit] dropdown
3. Select the SPC configuration item in the [Item] dropdown (item list will be automatically filtered based on selected process)
4. Set the query start and end time in the [Time Range] selector
5. (Optional) Enter batch number in the [Batch Number] input box for precise filtering
6. Click [Query] button, the system will automatically retrieve data and generate the corresponding control chart
**[Note]** Click [Reset] button to clear all query conditions and restore default state.
### 3.2 Data Query and Chart Generation
Based on the query conditions selected by the user, the system extracts SCADA real-time data for the corresponding process from the MES data collection database, groups the data into subgroups by hour granularity, counts the occurrence of each defect type within each subgroup, then automatically calculates control limits and draws the control chart.
**Data Query Flow Description:**
```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
participant User as User
participant MESFrontend as MES Frontend
participant EdgeManager as EdgeManager Service
participant Database as SCADA Database
User->>MESFrontend: 1. Select process unit, item, time range, batch
User->>MESFrontend: 2. Click [Query]
MESFrontend->>EdgeManager: 3. Send query request (including process code, item code, time range, etc.)
EdgeManager->>Database: 4. Query SCADA real-time data table
Database-->>EdgeManager: 5. Return raw data (collected value + collection time)
EdgeManager->>EdgeManager: 6. Group by hour and assign subgroup IDs
EdgeManager->>EdgeManager: 7. Count defect types and occurrences for each subgroup
EdgeManager-->>MESFrontend: 8. Return subgroup statistical data
MESFrontend->>MESFrontend: 9. Render corresponding type of SPC control chart
MESFrontend-->>User: 10. Display control chart and statistical information
```
**Flow Description:**
| Step | Actor | Action | Description |
|------|-------|--------|-------------|
| 1-2 | User | Set query conditions and submit | Select process unit, item, time range, and batch |
| 3 | MES Frontend | Send query request | Send query via EdgeManager service interface, query parameters include: action (fixed as get_node_subgroup_sampling_type), process code, item code, sampling time range, batch number, etc. |
| 4 | EdgeManager | Query database | Dynamically assemble data table name (format: hf_mes_scada_data_capture_node_data_{process_code}_{node_code}), query raw collected data by time range |
| 5 | Database | Return raw data | Return collected values and corresponding collection times |
| 6 | EdgeManager | Subgroup grouping | Sort and number all raw data by hour (HOUR) using ROW_NUMBER, assign sample serial numbers to each subgroup |
| 7 | EdgeManager | Defect type statistics | Count occurrence of each defect type (NG code) in each subgroup, generate defect_types statistics |
| 8 | EdgeManager | Return statistical data | Return structured data including subgroup number, sampling time, and defect type statistics |
| 9 | MES Frontend | Render control chart | Select corresponding rendering method based on control chart type (DPMO/PChart/NPChart/CChart/UChart) |
| 10 | User | View control chart | Display complete control chart including data points, control limits, abnormal highlights, etc. |
### 3.3 DPMO (Defects Per Million Opportunities)
#### 3.3.1 DPMO Description
DPMO (Defects Per Million Opportunities) is a comprehensive indicator for measuring process quality level, representing the number of defects actually occurring in every million error opportunities. A lower DPMO value indicates a higher process quality level. The DPMO control chart helps quality managers determine whether the process is in a stable and controlled state by monitoring changes in DPMO values across subgroups.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Need to measure and compare quality levels between different products and processes
- Need to benchmark quality indicators against Six Sigma levels (e.g., 3.4 DPMO = Six Sigma level)
- Scenarios with non-constant defect opportunities
**Function Screenshot**:
![DPMO Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_attribute_charts/图片：DPMO控制图截图.png)
### 3.4 PChart (Proportion Nonconforming Control Chart)
#### 3.4.1 PChart Description
PChart (P Control Chart, Proportion Nonconforming Control Chart) is used to monitor the proportion of nonconforming items in each subgroup as a percentage of total inspected quantity. PChart focuses on **the percentage of nonconforming items in the sample**, subgroup sizes can vary, and control limits adjust with subgroup sizes, forming stepped control boundaries.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Variable subgroup sizes (e.g., different numbers of products inspected each day)
- Need to monitor trends in nonconforming product rates during production
- Each product is only judged as conforming or nonconforming (binary classification)
**Function Screenshot**:
![PChart Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_attribute_charts/图片：PChart控制图截图.png)
### 3.5 NPChart (Number Nonconforming Control Chart)
#### 3.5.1 NPChart Description
NPChart (NP Control Chart, Number Nonconforming Control Chart) is used to monitor the absolute number of nonconforming items in each subgroup. Unlike PChart, NPChart displays **the actual count of nonconforming items** rather than proportions. NPChart requires equal sample sizes for each subgroup; otherwise, control limits will no longer be valid.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Fixed subgroup sizes (e.g., inspecting 100 products per batch)
- Need to visually display trends in nonconforming item counts
- Easy for on-site personnel to understand and use (directly read nonconforming counts)
**Function Screenshot**:
![NPChart Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_attribute_charts/图片：NPChart控制图截图.png)
### 3.6 CChart (Number of Defects Control Chart)
#### 3.6.1 CChart Description
CChart (C Control Chart, Number of Defects Control Chart) is used to monitor the total number of defects in each subgroup. CChart focuses on scenarios where multiple defects may exist on one product (e.g., multiple scratches on a panel). Therefore, CChart counts **total defects** rather than nonconforming item counts. CChart requires constant defect opportunities (i.e., inspected areas/ranges must remain consistent).
**Application Scenarios:**
- Inspecting fixed areas or fixed quantities of products (e.g., each glass sheet, each sheet of material)
- A product may have multiple different types of defects
- Need to monitor trends in overall defect counts
**[Precautions]**
- Defect opportunities must remain constant (e.g., inspecting the same area or same quantity of products each time)
- CChart focuses on defect counts rather than nonconforming item counts; one product may have multiple defects
**Function Screenshot**:
![CChart Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_attribute_charts/图片：CChart控制图截图.png)
### 3.7 UChart (Defects per Unit Control Chart)
#### 3.7.1 UChart Description
UChart (U Control Chart, Defects per Unit Control Chart) is used to monitor the average number of defects per unit product. Unlike CChart, UChart is suitable for scenarios with **non-constant defect opportunities** (e.g., different lengths of fabric inspected each day, different areas). It normalizes defect counts by unit size, calculating average defects per unit, with control limits adjusting as subgroup sizes change.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Variable inspection areas or product quantities (e.g., different lengths of fabric inspected daily)
- Need to compare defect levels between inspection batches of different sizes
- A product may have multiple defects, and quantities inspected may vary
**Function Screenshot**:
![UChart Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_attribute_charts/图片：UChart控制图截图.png)
## 4. Control Chart Interactive Function Description
All five attribute control charts provide the following common interactive functions:
| Function | Description |
|----------|-------------|
| Automatic Control Limit Calculation | System automatically calculates Upper Control Limit (UCL) and Lower Control Limit (LCL) based on collected subgroup data |
| Abnormal Point Highlighting | Data points exceeding control limits are highlighted for quick anomaly identification |
| Scroll Bar | When there are many subgroups, supports horizontal scrolling to view complete control chart data |
| Calculated Value Display | Display statistical calculation values for each subgroup (e.g., nonconforming rate, defect count) |
| Alarm Status Display | Mark alarm status information for each subgroup on the chart |
| Chart Control Switch | Support enabling/disabling various auxiliary display options for the control chart |
**[Note]** Control charts are generated based on industry-standard QC SPC control chart algorithm libraries, with control limit calculations following standard statistical process control formulas to ensure accuracy and authority of analysis results.
## 5. Precautions
1. **SPC Render Condition Prerequisite Configuration**: Before using SPC attribute charts, you need to complete SPC configuration for corresponding process units and data nodes in [SPC Render Condition Configuration]. Otherwise, the corresponding monitoring items cannot be selected in the "Item" dropdown.
2. **Data Source Description**: Data for SPC attribute charts comes from SCADA real-time collection data in the MES system. Data collection frequency and subgroup intervals are determined by parameters in SPC render condition configuration. Data is stored in the system's data collection tables, and the frontend obtains processed subgroup statistical data through the EdgeManager service interface.
3. **Subgroup Size Requirements**: NPChart requires equal sample sizes for each subgroup. If actual data has inconsistent subgroup sizes, control limit calculations may be inaccurate. It is recommended to uniformly set subgroup sampling parameters in SPC render condition configuration.
4. **Defect Type Statistics**: Defect types (NG codes) come from defect classification information recorded by equipment or manually during production. The system groups and counts using NG codes as unique identifiers for defect types. Please ensure standardization of the NG coding system.
5. **Time Granularity**: The system groups data into subgroups by hour granularity. The subgroup sampling interval configuration determines the time span between adjacent subgroups. If configured as 2 hours, collected data for every 2 hours will be merged into one subgroup.

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# SPC Variable Charts
## 1. Function Overview
SPC Variable Charts belong to the core SPC (Statistical Process Control) functions in the quality management module of the MES system. They are used to perform statistical analysis and process control on continuous quality characteristic data (such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, and other measurable values) during production processes. Based on sampling rules defined in SPC render condition configuration, the system automatically extracts samples from production line process inspection data, process data, and result data, generates various variable control charts and process capability analysis charts, helping quality managers monitor production process stability and capability in real-time.
**Core Functions:**
- XBar-R Control Chart: Monitor process mean and dispersion through subgroup means and ranges
- XBar-S Control Chart: Monitor process mean and dispersion through subgroup means and standard deviations (suitable for larger subgroup sample sizes)
- I-MR Control Chart: Individual-Moving Range control chart, suitable for scenarios with only 1 sample per subgroup
- CPK Process Capability Analysis: Calculate process capability indices including Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk to evaluate process capability in meeting specification requirements
- EWMA Control Chart: Exponentially Weighted Moving Average control chart, more sensitive to small process shifts
- CUSUM Control Chart: Cumulative Sum control chart, highly sensitive to detecting small process shifts
- Levey-Jennings Control Chart: Statistical control chart based on multi-subgroup samples, suitable for quality control scenarios
- MA Moving Average Control Chart: Statistical process control based on moving averages
- MAMR Moving Average-Moving Range Control Chart: Process control combining moving average and moving range
- MAMS Moving Average-Standard Deviation Control Chart: Process control combining moving average and standard deviation
**Function Screenshot**:
![SPC Variable Charts Function Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：SPC计量型报表功能截图.png)
## 2. Term Explanation
| Term | Definition | Description |
|------|------------|-------------|
| Variable Data | Variable Data | Continuously measurable quality characteristic data, such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, dimensions, etc. |
| Control Chart | Control Chart | Statistical chart with control limits, used to distinguish between normal and abnormal process variations |
| Subgroup | Subgroup | A group of sample measurements collected under similar conditions, used to calculate within-group statistics |
| Total Subgroups | Total Subgroups | Total number of subgroups to be collected in a single SPC analysis |
| Samples Per Subgroup | Samples Per Subgroup | Number of sample measurements contained within each subgroup |
| Subgroup Interval | Subgroup Sampling Interval | Sampling time interval between adjacent subgroups (in hours) |
| Upper Control Limit (UCL) | Upper Control Limit | Upper limit in control chart for determining process control status, calculated from process data statistics |
| Lower Control Limit (LCL) | Lower Control Limit | Lower limit in control chart for determining process control status, calculated from process data statistics |
| Upper Specification Limit (USL) | Upper Specification Limit | Maximum allowable value for product quality characteristic, defined by product specification or customer requirements |
| Lower Specification Limit (LSL) | Lower Specification Limit | Minimum allowable value for product quality characteristic, defined by product specification or customer requirements |
| Mean (XBar) | Mean / Average | Arithmetic mean of all sample measurements within a subgroup, reflecting process central tendency |
| Range (R) | Range | Difference between maximum and minimum values within a subgroup, reflecting within-group dispersion |
| Standard Deviation (S) | Standard Deviation | Standard deviation of sample measurements within a subgroup, reflecting within-group dispersion |
| Moving Range (MR) | Moving Range | Absolute difference between two consecutive individual measurements |
| CPK | Process Capability Index | Measures actual process capability under controlled conditions, considering mean shift |
| CP | Process Capability | Measures potential process capability (without considering mean shift) |
| PPK | Process Performance Index | Measures long-term actual process performance |
| PP | Process Performance | Measures long-term total process variation |
| EWMA | Exponentially Weighted Moving Average | Exponentially weighted moving average, assigning higher weights to recent data |
| CUSUM | Cumulative Sum | Cumulative sum, accumulation of deviations from target value |
| Levey-Jennings | Levey-Jennings Chart | Statistical control chart used with multi-level quality control rules, commonly used in laboratory quality control and medical statistics |
| SPC Render Configuration | SPC Render Configuration | Configuration defining data sources, sampling parameters, and calculation rules required for generating SPC reports |
## 3. SPC Variable Charts Interaction Flow
### 3.1 SPC Variable Charts Description
The SPC Variable Charts page provides 10 types of variable control charts and process capability analysis tools. Users select conditions such as process, SPC item, and time range, and the system automatically extracts corresponding data from the MES database and generates visual charts.
**Operation Path:**
Go to [Quality Management] → [SPC Statistical Process Control] → [SPC Variable Charts] → Select the corresponding report type
**General Query Condition Description:**
| Query Condition | Description | Required |
|----------------|-------------|----------|
| Process Subclass | Select the process unit to monitor. After filtering, the SPC item dropdown will automatically load SPC items configured under this process | Yes |
| SPC Item | Select the specific SPC monitoring item (corresponding to the item name in SPC render condition configuration) | Yes |
| Time Range | Select the start and end time for data collection (accurate to hour:minute:second) | Yes |
| Batch Number | Filter data by production batch number (optional) | No |
| Roll Number | Filter data by roll number (optional). After entering the roll number, the system automatically obtains the corresponding production time range | No |
**[Note]** Batch number and roll number cannot be entered simultaneously; they are mutually exclusive.
**Function Screenshot**:
![SPC Variable Charts Query Page Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：SPC计量型报表查询页面截图.png)
---
### 3.2 XBar-R Mean-Range Control Chart
#### 3.2.1 XBar-R Chart Description
XBar-R (Mean-Range) control chart is one of the most commonly used variable control charts, consisting of two sub-charts: the upper chart is the Mean Chart (XBar Chart), used to monitor process mean variation; the lower chart is the Range Chart (R Chart), used to monitor process dispersion. Suitable for scenarios with 2~10 samples per subgroup.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Production processes requiring simultaneous monitoring of mean and variation for quality characteristics
- Continuous production processes with moderate subgroup sample sizes (2~10 samples/group)
- Key process parameter monitoring such as cell injection volume, welding temperature, coating thickness
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Display subgroup means (XBar) and ranges (R)
- Automatically calculate and draw Upper Control Limit (UCL) and Lower Control Limit (LCL)
- Display process capability indices Cpk and Ppk
- Support chart scrolling and display option switching
- When specification limits (USL/LSL) are configured, specification lines are marked on the chart
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [SPC Statistical Process Control] → [SPC Variable Charts] → [XBar-R]
2. Select [Process Subclass] in the query area. The system automatically loads SPC items configured under this process
3. Select [SPC Item] (e.g., "OCV2 Voltage", etc.)
4. Select [Time Range], and optionally enter [Batch Number] or [Roll Number] for further filtering
5. Click [Query] button. The system retrieves data and generates the XBar-R control chart
6. Adjust display content using toggle buttons in the upper right corner of the chart
7. Click [Export Sample Data] to export chart source data as CSV file
**Control Chart Anomaly Detection Rules:**
The system automatically marks the following abnormal conditions on the XBar-R chart:
- Data points exceeding control limits (UCL/LCL)
- Consecutive points on the same side of the center line
- Data points showing trending changes (continuous increase or decrease)
- Data points showing periodic fluctuations
**Function Screenshot**:
![XBar-R Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：XBar-R控制图截图.png)
---
### 3.3 XBar-S Mean-Standard Deviation Control Chart
#### 3.3.1 XBar-S Chart Description
XBar-S (Mean-Standard Deviation) control chart is similar to XBar-R, but uses standard deviation (S) instead of range (R) to measure within-group dispersion. Standard deviation utilizes sample information more fully than range, so it is suitable for scenarios with larger subgroup sample sizes (n > 10).
**Application Scenarios:**
- Production processes with larger subgroup sample sizes (typically n ≥ 10)
- Scenarios requiring more precise measurement of process variation
- Automated high-speed continuous production lines
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Display subgroup means (XBar) and standard deviations (S)
- Automatically calculate and draw control limits
- Display process capability indices Cpk and Ppk
- Support chart scrolling and display option switching
- When specification limits are configured, specification lines are marked on the chart
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [SPC Statistical Process Control] → [SPC Variable Charts] → [XBar-S]
2. Select [Process Subclass] and [SPC Item] in the query area
3. Select [Time Range], and optionally enter [Batch Number] or [Roll Number] for filtering
4. Click [Query] button. The system retrieves data and generates the XBar-S control chart
5. Click [Export Sample Data] to export chart source data as CSV file
**Function Screenshot**:
![XBar-S Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：XBar-S控制图截图.png)
---
### 3.4 I-MR Individual-Moving Range Control Chart
#### 3.4.1 I-MR Chart Description
I-MR (Individual-Moving Range) control chart is suitable for scenarios where only 1 measurement value can be obtained per subgroup. The upper chart (I Chart) displays individual measurement values, and the lower chart (MR Chart) displays moving ranges between consecutive measurements. I-MR charts are suitable when production processes are highly automated and produce only one measurement per cycle, or when measurement costs are high and testing cycles are long.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Continuous production processes with only 1 sample per subgroup
- Automated inspection equipment testing item by item
- Destructive testing or high-cost testing scenarios
- Industries with slowly changing process parameters such as chemical and metallurgical processes
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Display individual measurement values (I Chart) and moving ranges (MR Chart)
- Automatically calculate and draw control limits
- When specification limits (USL/LSL) are configured, specification lines are marked on the chart
- Display process capability and calculated statistics
- Support chart scrolling and display option switching
**Control Chart Anomaly Marking Description:**
- System automatically highlights data points exceeding control limits
- Mark with special symbols when data points continuously show abnormal patterns
**Function Screenshot**:
![I-MR Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：I-MR控制图截图.png)
---
### 3.5 Levey-Jennings Control Chart
#### 3.5.1 Levey-Jennings Chart Description
Levey-Jennings control chart is a statistical control chart based on multi-subgroup samples, monitoring process stability through subgroup means and standard deviations. Widely used in medical testing, laboratory quality control, and manufacturing for process monitoring with multi-level quality control rules.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Scenarios requiring strict process monitoring with multi-level quality control rules
- Daily quality control of laboratory analytical instruments
- Continuous monitoring of critical electrical performance indicators in battery manufacturing
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Display subgroup means and standard deviations
- Automatically calculate and draw control limits
- Display process capability indices Cpk, Cpm, and Ppk
- When specification limits are configured, specification lines are marked on the chart
- Support chart scrolling and display option switching
**Function Screenshot**:
![Levey-Jennings Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：Levey-Jennings控制图截图.png)
---
### 3.6 EWMA Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart
#### 3.6.1 EWMA Chart Description
EWMA (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) control chart assigns greater weights to recent observations, providing higher detection sensitivity for small shifts in process mean compared to traditional XBar charts. EWMA charts control the decay rate of historical data through weighting coefficient λ.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Scenarios requiring high sensitivity to small process shifts
- Need rapid detection of effects after process adjustments
- As a supplement to traditional control charts for early warning
- Industries with extremely high process precision requirements such as semiconductors and precision electronics
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Display EWMA statistics and process mean
- Automatically calculate and draw control limits
- Calculate EWMA values and mean statistics
- When specification limits are configured, specification lines are marked on the chart
- Support chart scrolling and display option switching
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [SPC Statistical Process Control] → [SPC Variable Charts] → [EWMA]
2. Select [Process Subclass] and [SPC Item] in the query area
3. Select [Time Range], and optionally enter [Batch Number] for filtering
4. Click [Query] button. The system retrieves data and generates the EWMA control chart
**Function Screenshot**:
![EWMA Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：EWMA控制图截图.png)
---
### 3.7 CUSUM Cumulative Sum Control Chart
#### 3.7.1 CUSUM Chart Description
CUSUM (Cumulative Sum) control chart detects small process shifts by accumulating deviations between actual values and target values. Similar to EWMA, CUSUM is highly sensitive to small changes in process mean and can detect abnormal trends earlier than traditional control charts.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Scenarios requiring extremely high detection sensitivity for small process shifts
- Continuous production processes where frequent false alarms are undesirable but real anomalies need rapid detection
- Process optimization and improvement effect evaluation
- Strict process control scenarios such as chemical reaction processes and precision machining
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Display positive cumulative sum (C+) and negative cumulative sum (C-)
- Automatically calculate and draw control limits
- When specification limits are configured, specification lines are marked on the chart
- Support chart scrolling and display option switching
**Function Screenshot**:
![CUSUM Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：CUSUM控制图截图.png)
---
### 3.8 MA Moving Average Control Chart
#### 3.8.1 MA Chart Description
MA (Moving Average) control chart smooths short-term fluctuations by calculating the average of consecutive data points, highlighting long-term trends. Moving average charts effectively filter random noise in production processes, providing clearer reflection of process mean changes.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Process data with significant random fluctuations
- Need to observe long-term process trend changes
- Noisy sensor data monitoring
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Display moving average sequence
- Automatically calculate and draw control limits
- When specification limits are configured, specification lines are marked on the chart
- Support chart scrolling and display option switching
**Function Screenshot**:
![MA Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：MA控制图截图.png)
---
### 3.9 MAMR Moving Average-Moving Range Control Chart
#### 3.9.1 MAMR Chart Description
MAMR (Moving Average-Moving Range) control chart combines moving average and moving range dimensions, simultaneously monitoring process central tendency and dispersion. The moving average component smooths random fluctuations and highlights trends, while the moving range component monitors process variation.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Need to simultaneously monitor process trends and variation
- Process control in single-value data scenarios
- Production processes requiring balanced sensitivity and stability
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Display moving averages and moving ranges
- Automatically calculate and draw control limits
- Calculate EWMA values and mean statistics
- When specification limits are configured, specification lines are marked on the chart
- Support chart scrolling and display option switching
**Function Screenshot**:
![MAMR Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：MAMR控制图截图.png)
---
### 3.10 MAMS Moving Average-Standard Deviation Control Chart
#### 3.10.1 MAMS Chart Description
MAMS (Moving Average-Moving Standard Deviation) control chart is similar to MAMR but uses moving standard deviation instead of moving range to measure process variation. Standard deviation provides more complete variation information and offers more comprehensive detection of abnormal fluctuations.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Need more comprehensive measurement of process variation
- Comprehensive process control for single-value data
- Scenarios requiring high sensitivity to process variation detection
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Display moving averages and moving standard deviations
- Automatically calculate and draw control limits
- When specification limits are configured, specification lines are marked on the chart
- Support chart scrolling and display option switching
**Function Screenshot**:
![MAMS Control Chart Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：MAMS控制图截图.png)
---
### 3.11 CPK Process Capability Index Analysis
#### 3.11.1 CPK Chart Description
The CPK process capability analysis page provides comprehensive process capability index calculation and histogram visualization. Based on selected SPC items and sampling parameters, the system automatically collects data and calculates a series of process capability indicators, intuitively displaying data distribution characteristics and their relationship to specification limits through histograms overlaid with normal distribution curves.
**Application Scenarios:**
- Evaluate whether production processes meet product specification requirements
- New process validation and process improvement effect evaluation
- Supplier quality capability evaluation
- Provide process capability evidence during customer audits
**Chart Characteristics:**
- Histogram displays data distribution pattern
- Overlay two normal curves: overall distribution (red) and within-group distribution (blue)
- Mark Upper Specification Limit (USL), Lower Specification Limit (LSL), and Mean line
- Display comprehensive process capability statistics
**Operation Steps:**
1. Go to [Quality Management] → [SPC Statistical Process Control] → [SPC Variable Charts] → [CPK]
2. Select [Process Subclass] and [SPC Item] in the query area
3. Select [Time Range], and optionally enter [Batch Number] or [Roll Number] for filtering
4. Click [Query] button. The system retrieves data and generates the process capability analysis chart
5. Click [Export Sample Data] to export analysis data as CSV file
**[Note]** If specification limits (USL/LSL) are not configured, CPK-related indicators cannot be calculated. Please set specification limit values in SPC render condition configuration first.
#### 3.11.2 Process Capability Indicator Description
| Indicator | English Full Name | Description | Judgment Standard |
|-----------|------------------|-------------|------------------|
| Mean | Mean | Arithmetic mean of all sample measurements | — |
| Min | Minimum | Minimum measurement value in the sample | — |
| Max | Maximum | Maximum measurement value in the sample | — |
| Std Dev LT | Long-Term Standard Deviation | Overall standard deviation calculated based on all samples, reflecting long-term process variation | — |
| Std Dev ST | Short-Term Standard Deviation | Within-group standard deviation calculated using moving range averaging method, reflecting short-term process variation | — |
| Cp | Process Capability | Measures potential process capability | ≥ 1.33 indicates sufficient capability |
| Cpk | Process Capability Index | Measures actual process capability considering process center shift | ≥ 1.33 indicates controlled process with sufficient capability |
| Cpl | Lower Capability Index | Lower process capability index, measuring distance between mean and lower specification limit | — |
| Cpu | Upper Capability Index | Upper process capability index, measuring distance between mean and upper specification limit | — |
| Cpm | Taguchi Capability Index | Taguchi process capability index, measuring process deviation from target value | ≥ 1.33 indicates process close to target value |
| Pp | Process Performance | Measures potential capability under long-term total variation | ≥ 1.33 indicates sufficient long-term performance |
| Ppk | Process Performance Index | Measures long-term actual performance | ≥ 1.33 indicates good long-term process performance |
| Ppl | Lower Performance Index | Lower process performance index | — |
| Ppu | Upper Performance Index | Upper process performance index | — |
**Process Capability Judgment Reference:**
| Capability Index Range | Judgment | Recommended Action |
|----------------------|----------|-------------------|
| Cpk ≥ 1.67 | Excellent capability | Consider simplifying control or reducing inspection frequency |
| 1.33 ≤ Cpk < 1.67 | Sufficient capability | Maintain current control level |
| 1.00 ≤ Cpk < 1.33 | Acceptable capability | Strengthen process monitoring, consider process improvement |
| 0.67 ≤ Cpk < 1.00 | Insufficient capability | Must implement process improvement |
| Cpk < 0.67 | Severely insufficient capability | Urgent improvement required, production suspension adjustment if necessary |
**[Important]** The system uses the moving range averaging method (MR-bar / d2) to calculate short-term standard deviation, where the d2 constant is 1.128 (corresponding to subgroup size n=2). This is an internationally accepted method for estimating SPC short-term standard deviation.
**[Important]** Difference between Cp and Cpk: Cp measures potential process capability (assuming process center coincides with specification center), while Cpk measures actual process capability (considering process center shift). Cpk ≤ Cp always holds. When Cpk is significantly smaller than Cp, it indicates process center shift, requiring process adjustment to bring mean closer to target value.
**Function Screenshot**:
![CPK Process Capability Analysis Screenshot](/public/image_en/spc_variable_charts/图片：CPK过程能力分析截图.png)
---
## 4. SPC Variable Charts Data Collection Logic
### 4.1 Data Sources
Data for each variable chart comes from the data category specified in SPC render condition configuration:
| Data Category | Description | Example |
|---------------|-------------|---------|
| Process Inspection Data | Inspection data collected during first article and circuit inspections on the production line | Voltage and dimension values measured by inspectors |
| Process Data | Production process parameters automatically uploaded by equipment | Temperature, pressure, speed collected in real-time by equipment |
| Result Data | Inspection result data after process completion | OCV test voltage, internal resistance, capacity values |
### 4.2 Data Sampling Flow
```mermaid
flowchart TB
A[User Sets Query Conditions] --> B[System Reads SPC Render Condition Configuration]
B --> C[Locate Data Source Based on Data Category]
C --> D{Is Data Cleaning Configured?}
D -->|Yes| E[Execute Data Cleaning]
D -->|No| F[Use Raw Data Directly]
E --> G[Sample According to Subgroup Rules]
F --> G
G --> H{Subgroup Data Collection Mode}
H -->|Multi-Subgroup Mode| I[Split Data by Subgroup Interval]
H -->|Single-Sample Mode| J[Collect Data by Time Interval]
I --> K[Calculate Subgroup Statistics]
J --> K
K --> L[Calculate Control Limits]
L --> M[Generate Control Chart/Analysis Report]
```
### 4.3 Data Collection Mode Description
The system supports three data collection modes, with different chart types using different modes:
| Mode | Applicable Charts | Data Characteristics | Description |
|------|------------------|---------------------|-------------|
| Multi-Subgroup Mode | XBar-R, XBar-S, I-MR, Levey-Jennings | Split data by subgroup count and subgroup interval, returning multiple subgroup samples | Each group contains multiple measurements and sampling times |
| Single-Subgroup Mode | CPK | Return all samples as one subgroup for capability analysis | All data participates in statistical calculation |
| Single-Sample Mode | MA, MAMR, MAMS, EWMA, CUSUM | Collect single measurement values at time intervals | One value collected per time point |
**[Important]** Data cleaning rules (by value or by percentage) are set in SPC render condition configuration. Data cleaning only affects SPC report calculation results and does not modify original data in the MES system.
**[Note]** Subgroup sampling uses continuous sampling mode (Continuous), meaning subgroups are collected continuously from the data source at set intervals rather than random sampling.
---
## 5. Control Chart Selection Guide
Different production processes and data characteristics are suitable for different control chart types. The following is a selection reference:
| Data Characteristics | Recommended Control Chart | Alternative Control Chart |
|---------------------|--------------------------|--------------------------|
| Subgroup sample size 2~10, groupable sampling | XBar-R | — |
| Subgroup sample size > 10, groupable sampling | XBar-S | XBar-R |
| Only 1 sample per subgroup | I-MR | MA, MAMR, MAMS |
| Need to detect small process shifts | EWMA, CUSUM | I-MR |
| Need to evaluate process capability to meet specifications | CPK | — |
| Multi-level quality control rule monitoring | Levey-Jennings | XBar-R, XBar-S |
| Focus on long-term trends | MA, MAMR, MAMS | EWMA |
**[Note]** For the same quality characteristic, multiple control charts can be used simultaneously for cross-validation. For example, XBar-R for daily monitoring, EWMA for early warning, and CPK for periodic capability evaluation.